Sunday, 28 March 2010

dinosaur from China


Ceratopsians (horned dinosaurs) represent one of the last and the most diverse radiations of non-avian dinosaurs. Although recent systematic work unanimously supports a basal division of Ceratopsia into parrot-like psittacosaurids and frilled neoceratopsians, the early evolution of the group remains poorly understood, mainly owing to its incomplete early fossil record. Here we describe a primitive Taxonomic nomenclature of dinosaur eggs is based on thin section analysis of shell fragments. There are four main parataxonomic families of eggs found in Henan Basin, Xixia County, China (1) Faveoloolithidae, (2) Dendroolithidae (3) Spheroolithidae and (4) Elongatoolithidae. Members of the parataxonomic family Faveoloolithidae were found in the earliest (deepest deposits) 20 meters below ground level and have a shell morphotype that is relatively primitive in comparison with the others. Members of the Spheroolithidae family are most commonly found in the middle layer of the egg bearing beds which were deposited in the middle of late Cretaceous period. The 17 inch long eggs of the Elongatoolithidae family were most commonly found in the upper layer associated with the most recent or latest of the late Cretaceous. (Zhao Zikui, 1979). Smaller examples (approximately 6 inches in length) of the Elongatoolithidae family are found in the Nanxiong Basin in Guangdong Province.
The fossilized remains of dinosaur eggs are, in most cases, limited to the egg shell. The embryos themselves were rarely preserved. The morphology and structure of the egg shells reveal few clues which can be cited to justify naming which taxon produced them. Only with fossilized remains of embryos in relatively advanced stages of development, can we begin to associate dinosaur types with fossilized eggs and egg shells.
Shell morphology is the basis that is used in naming the egg types. The structure of the shell in thin section analysis is used to identify the taxonomic family. The late Karl Hirsch was one of the leading experts in this country on eggs and eggshell fragments. He examined several shell fragments. These shell fragments were taken from several different types of dinosaur eggs from Henan Province, China. The following summary is based on thin section analysis and Chinese research papers.
The round, "cantaloupe" size and shape eggs with dark brown shells are the most common found in China. To date, no embryoinic remains have been found to identify the species of dinosaur. Instead, these eggs are classified by shell morphotype. The first shell morphotype is known as Dendrolithus. The shell has a continuous layer at the surface. The following nomenclature is used to refer to these dark brown cantaloupe shaped eggs.

ceratopsian from China. Cladistic analysis posits this new species as the most basal neoceratopsian. This new taxon demonstrates that some neoceratopsian characters evolved in a more incremental fashion than previously known and also implies mosaic evolution of characters early in ceratopsian history.The unusual presence of long pennaceous feathers on the feet of basal dromaeosaurid dinosaurs has recently been presented as strong evidence in support of the arboreal–gliding hypothesis for the origin of bird flight, but it could be a unique feature of dromaeosaurids and thus irrelevant to the theropod–bird transition. Here, we report a new eumaniraptoran theropod from China, with avian affinities, which also has long pennaceous feathers on its feet. This suggests that such morphology might represent a primitive adaptation close to the theropod–bird transition. The long metatarsus feathers are likely primitive for Eumaniraptora

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